Current Issue : 5 Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 1-2 Articles : 9 Articles
Background\r\nSpices traditionally have been used as coloring agents, flavoring agents, preservatives, food additives and medicine in Bangladesh. The present work aimed to find out the antimicrobial activity of natural spices on multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates.\r\nMethods\r\nAnti-bacterial potentials of six crude plant extracts (Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa, Coriandrum sativum, Piper nigrum and Citrus aurantifolia) were tested against five Escherichia coli isolated from potable water sources at kushtia, Bangladesh.\r\nResults\r\nAll the bacterial isolates were susceptible to undiluted lime-juice. None of them were found to be susceptible against the aqueous extracts of garlic, onion, coriander, pepper and ginger alone. However, all the isolates were susceptible when subjected to 1:1:1 aqueous extract of lime, garlic and ginger. The highest inhibition zone was observed with lime (11 mm).\r\nConclusion\r\nNatural spices might have anti-bacterial activity against enteric pathogens and could be used for prevention of diarrheal diseases. Further evaluation is necessary....
It is suggested that certain pharmaceuticals such as drugs of vegetable and animal origin and certain minerals should be regularly checked for microbial contamination such as salmonella species. Chyawanprash contains a number of medicinal herbs in sugar base and is susceptible for such microbial growth. In the present study nine different brands of Chyawanprash were compared with standard preparation (S1) for total bacterial count, Salmonella and E.Coli Results indicate that all the samples having cfu/ml within the standard value (105cfu/ml). Total bacterial count in all brands except S9 were significantly higher (P<0.05) as compared to standard sample indicates the inappropriate method of preparation or composition of Chyawanprash. While Salmonella and E.Coli species of microbes are absent in all brands....
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that are naturally present in many foods and possess a wide range of therapeutic properties. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current expanding knowledge of one of the mechanisms by which LAB and other probiotic microorganisms participate in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disease through their immune-modulating properties. A special emphasis will be placed on the critical role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and a brief overview of the uses of genetically engineered LAB that produce this important immune response mediator will also be discussed. Thus, this paper will demonstrate the critical role that IL-10 plays in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and how probiotics could be used in their treatment....
Chemotherapy resistance is a key contributor to the dismal prognoses for lung cancer patients. While the majority of studies have focused on sequence mutations and expression changes in protein-coding genes, recent reports have suggested that microRNA (miRNA) expression changes also play an influential role in chemotherapy response. However, the role of genetic alterations at miRNA loci in the context of chemotherapy response has yet to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrate the application of an integrative, multidimensional approach in order to identify miRNAs that are associated with chemotherapeutic resistance and sensitivity utilizing publicly available drug response, miRNA loci copy number, miRNA expression, and mRNA expression data from independent resources. By instigating a logical stepwise strategy, we have identified specific miRNAs that are associated with resistance to several chemotherapeutic agents and provide a proof of principle demonstration of how these various databases may be exploited to derive relevant pharmacogenomic results....
Detection of specific antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most widely available test for viral diagnosis and monitoring of HCV infections. However, narrowing the serologic window of anti-HCV detection by enhancing anti-HCV IgM detection has remained to be a problem. Herein, we used LD5, a novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule (NEIBM) with a high affinity for IgM, to develop a new anti-HCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using horseradish peroxidase-labeled LD5 (HRP-LD5) as the conjugated enzyme complex. The HRP-LD5 assay showed detection efficacy that is comparable with two kinds of domestic diagnostic kits and the Abbott 3.0 kit when tested against the national reference panel. Moreover, the HRP-LD5 assay showed a higher detection rate (55.9%, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 0.489, 0.629) than that of a domestic diagnostic ELISA kit (Chang Zheng) (53.3%, 95% CI 0.463, 0.603) in 195 hemodialysis patient serum samples. Five serum samples that were positive using the HRP-LD5 assay and negative with the conventional anti-HCV diagnostic ELISA kits were all positive for HCV RNA, and 4 of them had detectable antibodies when tested with the established anti-HCV IgM assay. An IgM confirmation study revealed the IgM reaction nature of these five serum samples. These results demonstrate that HRP-LD5 improved anti-HCV detection by enhancing the detection of anti-HCV IgM, which may have potential value for the early diagnosis and screening of hepatitis C and other infectious diseases....
Standardization and Production Of Fungal Lipases By Solid State Fermentation Using The Selected Agro waste. Solid state fermentation is a process of producing the enzymes such as lipases using moist solid waste or residues from agro- industries and food industries. Solid state fermentation process was carried out by using three different substrates such as rice bran, coconut oil cake along with rice bran, groundnut oil cake along with rice bran along with the various carbon sources as substrate carried out various temperatures to best out the maximum production of lipase enzymes. Lipase production was found to be high in solid state fermentation than submerged fermentation. The optimum moisture content for lipase production was found at 55% and the suitable substrate was found to be groundnut oil cake and rice bran for both Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus. It was found that sucrose produced more lipase when it was assessed as a supplement in the medium. Among the nitrogen source used, yeast extract showed high yield of lipase. 1 % concentration of all carbon, nitrogen sources were proved to be effective in enhancing lipase production. Lipase enzyme activity was found be maximum on 9th day in both the microorganism. Aspergillus niger proved to be more effective than Rhizopus in enhancing the production of lipase....
The ethanolic extract from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf exhibited good antibacterial activities against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 29213. Its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 31.25ââ?¬â??62.5 Ã?µg/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 250 Ã?µg/ml. Rhodomyrtone, an acylphloroglucinol derivative, was 62.5ââ?¬â??125 times more potent at inhibiting the bacteria than the ethanolic extract, the MIC and MBC values were 0.5 Ã?µg/ml and 2 Ã?µg/ml, respectively. To provide insights into antibacterial mechanisms involved, the effects of rhodomyrtone on cellular protein expression of MRSA have been investigated using proteomic approaches. Proteome analyses revealed that rhodomyrtone at subinhibitory concentration (0.174 Ã?µg/ml) affected the expression of several major functional classes of whole cell proteins in MRSA. The identified proteins involve in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division, protein degradation, stress response and oxidative stress, cell surface antigen and virulence factor, and various metabolic pathways such as amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism. Transmission electron micrographs confirmed the effects of rhodomyrtone on morphological and ultrastructural alterations in the treated bacterial cells. Biological processes in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division were interrupted. Prominent changes including alterations in cell wall, abnormal septum formation, cellular disintegration, and cell lysis were observed. Unusual size and shape of staphylococcal cells were obviously noted in the treated MRSA. These pioneer findings on proteomic profiling and phenotypic features of rhodomyrtone-treated MRSA may resolve its antimicrobial mechanisms which could lead to the development of a new effective regimen for the treatment of MRSA infections....
Antibiotics resistance is widespread and increasing worldwide. Resistance to antibiotics made the necessity to develop newer antibiotics to overcome the resistance. Isolation, characterization, bioprocessing and product evaluation of the soil isolates which was given the name ABF-1. Microscopical studies, Microbial sensitivity testing using different strains of bacteria and fungi, taxonomic studies, morphological and cultural characteristic in various ISP ( International Streptomyces Project), Carbohydrates assimilation test, bioprocessing for antibiotic production, antibiotic recovery by solvent extraction, Identification of Antibiotics by thin layer chromatography, biological activity such as antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity were performed. N- Butanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against, E.coli, Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus. Ethyl acetate extract showed antimicrobial activity against E.coli, pseudomonas auroginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Candida krusei. The methanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity against Escheria coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans....
Millions of patients worldwide suffer from end-stage liver pathologies, whose only curative therapy is liver transplantation (OLT). Given the donor organ shortage, alternatives to OLT have been evaluated, including cell therapies. Hepatocyte transplantation has been attempted to cure metabolic liver disorders and end-stage liver diseases. The evaluation of its efficacy is complicated by the shortage of human hepatocytes and their difficult expansion and cryopreservation. Recent advances in cell biology have led to the concept of ââ?¬Å?regenerative medicineââ?¬Â, based on the therapeutic potential of stem cells (SCs). Different types of SCs are theoretically eligible for liver cell replacement. These include embryonic and fetal SCs, induced pluripotent cells, annex SCs, endogenous liver SCs, and extrahepatic adult SCs. Aim of this paper is to critically analyze the possible sources of SCs suitable for liver repopulation and the results of the clinical trials that have been published until now....
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